| 国际环境法 菲律宾 南海 管辖 中国 声明 六、结论VI.Conclusions 86、中国认为，仲裁庭对于菲律宾单方面就中菲在南海的争端提起的强制仲裁明显没有管辖权。 86. It isthe view of China that theArbitral Tribunal manifestly has no jurisdiction over this arbitration,unilaterally initiated by the Philippines,with regard to disputes between Chinaand the Philippines in the South China Sea. 第一，菲律宾提请仲裁事项的实质是南海部分岛礁的领土主权问题，超出《公约》的调整范围，不涉及《公约》的解释或适用； Firstly,the essence of the subject-matter of the arbitration is the territorialsovereignty over the relevant maritime features in the South China Sea, which is beyond the scope of the Convention and is consequently notconcerned with the interpretation or application of the Convention. 第二，以谈判方式解决在南海的争端是中菲两国通过双边文件和《宣言》所达成的协议，菲律宾单方面将中菲有关争端提交强制仲裁违反国际法； Secondly,there is an agreement between Chinaand the Philippines tosettle their disputes in the South China Seaby negotiations, as embodied in bilateral instruments and the DOC. Thus the unilateralinitiation of the present arbitration by the Philippines has clearly violatedinternational law. 第三，即使菲律宾提出的仲裁事项涉及有关《公约》解释或适用的问题，也构成中菲两国海域划界不可分割的组成部分，而中国已经根据《公约》的规定于2006年作出声明，将涉及海域划界等事项的争端排除适用仲裁等强制争端解决程序； Thirdly,even assuming that the subject-matter of the arbitration did concern theinterpretation or application of theConvention, it has been excluded bythe 2006 declaration filed by Chinaunder Article 298 of the Convention, due to its being an integralpart of the dispute of maritime delimitation between the two States. 第四，中国从未就菲律宾提出的仲裁事项接受过《公约》规定的强制争端解决程序；仲裁庭应充分尊重缔约国自行选择争端解决方式的权利，在《公约》规定的限度内行使其确定管辖权方面的权力；菲律宾提起仲裁是对《公约》强制争端解决程序的滥用。中国不接受、不参与该仲裁具有充分的国际法依据。 Fourthly, China has never accepted any compulsoryprocedures of the Convention with regard to the Philippines’claims for arbitration. The Arbitral Tribunal shall fully respect the right ofthe States Parties to the Convention to choose the means of dispute settlement of their own accord, andexercise its competence to decide on its jurisdiction within the confines ofthe Convention. The initiation of the presentarbitration by the Philippinesis an abuse of the compulsory dispute settlement procedures under the Convention. There is a solid basis ininternational law for China’srejection of and non-participation in the present arbitration. 87、中国一贯奉行睦邻友好政策，主张在和平共处五项原则基础上，通过平等协商，公平合理地解决领土争端和海域划界问题。中国认为，谈判始终是国际法认可的和平解决国际争端最直接、最有效和最普遍的方式。 87. China consistentlyadheres to the policy of friendly relations with its neighbouring States, andstrives for fair and equitable solution in respect of disputes of territorialsovereignty and maritime delimitation by way of negotiations on the basis ofequality and the Five Principles of PeacefulCo-existence. China holds that negotiations is always themost direct, effective, and universally used means for peaceful settlement ofinternational disputes. 88、经过长期的外交努力和谈判，中国与14个陆地邻国中的12个国家妥善解决了边界问题，划定和勘定的边界线长度达两万公里，占中国陆地边界总长度的90%。在海上，2000年12月25日中国与越南通过谈判签订了《中华人民共和国和越南社会主义共和国关于两国在北部湾领海、专属经济区和大陆架的划界协定》，划定了两国在北部湾的海上边界。中国还于1997年11月11日与日本签署了《中华人民共和国和日本国渔业协定》，2000年8月3日与韩国签署了《中华人民共和国政府和大韩民国政府渔业协定》，2005年12月24日与朝鲜签署了《中华人民共和国政府和朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府关于海上共同开发石油的协定》，作为海域划界前的临时性安排。 88. Afteryears of diplomatic efforts and negotiations, Chinahas successfully resolved land boundary disputes with twelve out of itsfourteen neighbours, delimiting and demarcating some 20,000 kilometres inlength of land boundary in the process, which accounts for over 90% of thetotal length of China’sland boundary. On 25 December 2000, China and Vietnam concluded, followingnegotiations, the Agreement between the People’sRepublic of China and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam on the Delimitation ofthe Territorial Seas, the Exclusive Economic Zones and Continental Shelves inBeibu Bay, establishing a maritime boundary between thetwo States in Beibu Bay. On 11 November 1997, theAgreement on Fisheriesbetween the People’s Republic of Chinaand Japan was signed. On 3 August 2000, the Agreement on Fisheries between the Government of the People’sRepublic of China and theGovernment of the Republic of Koreawas signed. On 24 December 2005, the Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of Chinaand the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea for JointDevelopment of Oil Resources at Sea was signed. All these areprovisional arrangements pending the maritime delimitation between China and thoseStates. 89、事实证明，只要相关国家秉持善意，在平等互利基础上进行友好协商谈判，就可以妥善地解决领土争端和海域划界问题。对于中国与菲律宾之间的有关争端，中国也坚持同样的原则和立场。 89. Thefacts show that, as long as States concerned negotiate in good faith and on thebasis of equality and mutual benefit, territorial and maritime delimitationdisputes can be resolved properly between them. This principle and position of China equally apply to its disputes with the Philippines in the South China Sea. 90、中国不认为在当事方同意的基础上将争端提交仲裁是不友好的行为。但是，在涉及领土主权和海洋权利的问题上，明知他国已明确表示不接受仲裁，明知双方已承诺通过双边直接谈判解决争端，还要强行将争端诉诸仲裁，就不能被认为是友善的行为，更不能被认为是坚持法治的精神，因为这与国际法的基本原则背道而驰，违反国际关系基本准则。这种做法不仅不可能使两国争端得到妥善解决，反而会进一步损害两国之间的互信，使两国之间的问题进一步复杂化。 90. China does notconsider submission by agreement of a dispute to arbitration as an unfriendlyact. In respect of disputes of territorial sovereignty and maritime rights,unilateral resort to compulsory arbitration against another State, however,cannot be taken as a friendly act, when the initiating State is fully aware ofthe opposition of the other State to the action and the existing agreementbetween them on dispute settlement through negotiations. Furthermore, suchaction cannot be regarded as in conformity with the rule of law, as it runscounter to the basic rules and principles of international law. It will not inany way facilitate a proper settlement of the dispute between the twocountries. Instead it will undermine mutual trust and further complicate thebilateral relations. 91、近年来，菲律宾在黄岩岛和仁爱礁等问题上不断采取新的挑衅行动，不仅严重损害了中菲之间的政治互信，也破坏了中国与东盟国家共同落实《宣言》、磋商制订“南海行为准则”的良好氛围。事实上，过去几年来，在东南亚地区，不是菲律宾所描绘的“中国变得更强势”，而是菲律宾自己变得更具挑衅性。 91. Inrecent years, the Philippineshas repeatedly taken new provocative actions in respect of Huangyan Dao andRen’ai Jiao. Such actions have gravely hindered mutual political trust between China and the Philippines,and undermined the amicable atmosphere for Chinaand ASEAN member Statesto implement the DOC and consult on the proposed Code ofConduct in the South China Sea. In fact, in the region ofSoutheast Asia, it is not Chinathat has become “increasingly assertive”; it is the Philippines that has becomeincreasingly provocative. 92、南海问题涉及多个国家，加上各种复杂的历史背景和敏感的政治因素，需要各方的耐心和政治智慧才能实现最终解决。中国坚持认为，有关各方应当在尊重历史事实和国际法的基础上，通过协商和谈判寻求妥善的解决办法。在有关问题得到彻底解决之前，各方应当开展对话，寻求合作，维护南海的和平与稳定，不断增信释疑，为问题的最终解决创造条件。 92. Theissue of the South China Sea involves a numberof States, and is compounded by complex historical background and sensitivepolitical factors. Its final resolution demands patience and political wisdomfrom all parties concerned. Chinaalways maintains that the parties concerned shall seek proper ways and means ofsettlement through consultations and negotiations on the basis of respect forhistorical facts and international law. Pending final settlement, all partiesconcerned should engage in dialogue and cooperation to preserve peace andstability in the South China Sea, enhancemutual trust, clear up doubts, and create conditions for the eventualresolution of the issue. 93、菲律宾单方面提起仲裁的做法，不会改变中国对南海诸岛及其附近海域拥有主权的历史和事实，不会动摇中国维护主权和海洋权益的决心和意志，不会影响中国通过直接谈判解决有关争议以及与本地区国家共同维护南海和平稳定的政策和立场。 93. Theunilateral initiation of the present arbitration by the Philippines will notchange the history and fact of China’s sovereignty over the South China SeaIslands and the adjacent waters; nor will it shake China’s resolve anddetermination to safeguard its sovereignty and maritime rights and interests;nor will it affect the policy and position of China to resolve the relevantdisputes by direct negotiations and work together with other States in theregion to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea. |
