| The impediments to rational generalization, which I illustrated from the law of 霍姆斯我，这次演讲是一生血水倾注，我心里有障碍，我以为在座犯有盗窃罪，larceny, are shown in the other branches of the law, as well as in that of 我是倾囊而出，我有一种幻觉，我已把心里珍藏的如侵权的部门法知识也倾例，crime. Take the law of tort or civil liability for damages apart from contract 我对自己犯了罪，我从此依此文章向读者讨饭——依青荷人的建议——联系自己打官司，and the like. Is there any general theory of such liability, or are the cases 民法，刑法，诸如此类，在座诸位全会懂得。我们美国要强调儒家的责任，一方付出，in which it exists simply to be enumerated, and to be explained each on its 另一方负责，这是契约自由，中西合璧的投名状，法律是爱，如果枚举，special ground, as is easy to believe from the fact that the right of action 就是人情，爱情，亲情，恩情，慈恩，报偿。——这是法律的恩情。——这样公众才会相for certain well known classes of wrongs like trespass or slander has its 信法律，我们依之行事，法律专业人士才不会讨饭。劳工阶层太不容易了，要抢劫，special history for each class? I think that the law regards the infliction of 要谋杀，我们优势阶层只是耍嘴皮子。霍姆斯我想，人生血气第一，为求生存，是什么也temporal damage by a responsible person as actionable, if under the 干得出来，其次是法律规制，因为正义在法律之外之上，社会是复杂的，circumstances known to him the danger of his act is manifest according to 法律标准化是太天真，还有文学宽广无边，写作人是什么也在暗中干，common experience, or according to his own experience if it is more than 因为他们要体验生活，这是公共生活，我们法律专业人士，也想在里舞风弄月，common, except in cases where upon special grounds of policy the law refuses to 法律来源于生活，国家依家园干预法制生活，他制定政策，制定法院司法政策，他有自己protect the plaintiff or grants a privilege to the defendant. I think that 的利益，他保护全体国民，民治，民有，民享，民权，民主，民生，民意，commonly malice, intent, and negligence mean only that the danger was manifest 民进，民情，民话，民本思想甲天下。我霍姆斯认为，原告是什么，是邪恶，to a greater or less degree, under the circumstances known to the actor, 是故意，是无知，他们总想得利，——法院不要被利。——打没有的官司。although in some cases of privilege malice may mean an actual malevolent ——他们认为决定于行动者。霍姆斯我，此时不得不重起道德与法律的关系，motive, and such a motive may take away a permission knowingly to inflict harm, 劳工和资本都想赢；原告被告都想赢，法院司法是受气包，青荷人也许是对的，which otherwise would be granted on this or that ground of dominant public 法律是聊天，伤害与报复也是许就够了，不需法院，法院司法，唯有法院给出民众善。good. But when I stated my view to a very eminent English judge the other day, 但当我将我的观点对一个强势的英国法官阐明时，他冷笑道：he said, "You are discussing what the law ought to be; as the law is, you must 他冷笑道：“你的思想是想当然，我们在一线的法官是和事佬，show a right. A man is not liable for negligence unless he is subject to a 原告如青荷人说须要理断人情，一个人必须对其无知负责，除非他遭受困境。”duty." If our difference was more than a difference in words, or with regard to 霍姆斯我，有时想，美国人民的相互之间的冷漠，是不是太夸张，我们是自由的国度。the proportion between the exceptions and the rule, then, in his opinion, 我们不是说美国梦吗？这里有规则，是梦想的天堂，外国人在这里都可以实现梦想。liability for an act cannot be referred to the manifest tendency of the act to 我霍姆斯重申，美国须要行动。——多说无益。我们究竟想要阐明什么——cause temporal damage in general as a sufficient explanation, but must be 大洋彼岸的大中华有孔子仁治天下的大谋略。哪种伤害有点说不清。——referred to the special nature of the damage, or must be derived from some 但我们要追究对国家的实质伤害和对个人的实质伤害。世界并不太平。——这就是我们美special circumstances outside of the tendency of the act, for which no 国搞的，我们爱行动。——因为我们美国人象青荷人心中所想，是长得人高马大，generalized explanation exists. I think that such a view is wrong, but it is 有点不学无术。——我不得不说这使美国法律思想第一人霍姆斯难受。familiar, and I dare say generally is accepted in England.——霍姆斯我有时想我是错了。 我错在爱中国文化，我敢说，在英国，也有爱中华文化的Everywhere the basis of principle is tradition, to such an extent that we even 人。——因为鸦片战争的侵略中华。世界各地都在爱好传统，在很大程度上，are in danger of making the role of history more important than it is. The 普通法是在怀念传统，怀念我们逝去的青春。other day Professor Ames wrote a learned article to show, among other things, 某一天，博学的爱默生教授写了一篇博学的论文，他声嘶力竭地想说明，that the common law did not recognize the defence of fraud in actions upon 普通法完全能够防止钻法律空子的爱好者，——美国有可怕的中央情报局，specialties, and the moral might seem to be that the personal character of that 道德在其次，法律必须坚决彻底地执行，这是我的国家主义。——我与对中华文化充满defence is due to its equitable origin. But if, as I said, all contracts are 同情的传大普通法第一思想家霍姆斯大人不一样。的确如此，我们相辅相承，formal, the difference is not merely historical, but theoretic, between defects 共同为美国的美好家园奋斗。我霍姆斯插话至此。但冷漠，美国冷漠的美好传统是不是应of form which prevent a contract from being made, and mistaken motives which 该改变，包括在法院司法上的冷漠，如官司过多，律师生活得滋润，manifestly could not be considered in any system that we should call rational ——孔子少讼无论有道理。考虑庞大的法院司法系统，令青荷人心烦，哪我霍姆斯except against one who was privy to those motives. It is not confined to 干脆直接了当地说，不避俗地说：在我们美国犯法是找死。specialties, but is of universal application. I ought to add that I do not 我们还有全球理想，——即庞德所说的世界的法，我们美国想推广出去，suppose that Mr. Ames would disagree with what I suggest.我想爱默生教授与我一样心照不宣。 |
